1. HVAC sub-systems

2. DDC system design

3. DDC controllers

4. HVAC control examples

5. Central plant optimization

[Powerpoint file in PDF format]

• Direct Digital Controls (DDC) Building Automation Basics (2:47) https://youtu.be/lRIpGuxT2JQ
• 6 Steps for Designing HVAC DDC Controls (13:37) https://youtu.be/Tov68jNgYOU
  
• Basic HVAC Controls (17:47) https://youtu.be/fUta3n-L7Co
  
• BMS Monitoring & Control of AHU Components and Sensors (7:34) https://youtu.be/THDGlVKrs5A
  
• BMS Sequence of Operation - Air Handling Unit with Startup,Shutdown sequence & control loops (8:50) https://youtu.be/rgk7UdEWMpQ
• DDC Control Points for an Air Handler (7:26) https://youtu.be/iBPSNucQNdI
• Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit's Fundamentals and BMS sequence of Operation (10:02) https://youtu.be/sB7uVMrzhUA
  
• How a Variable Air Volume VAV System Works (16:53) https://youtu.be/jXV3i9_QOhQ
  
• How Demand-Controlled Ventilation Saves Energy (17:29) https://youtu.be/m8jilFPb24M

• Types of HVAC Systems https://www.intechopen.com/books/hvac-system/types-of-hvac-systems
  
• 6 Steps for Designing HVAC DDC Controls https://mepacademy.com/6-steps-for-designing-hvac-ddc-controls/
  
• How to optimize an HVAC system https://optimumenergyco.com/how-to-optimize-an-hvac-system/

• City of Vancouver, 2018. DDC Technical Guidelines, Version 1.1, Real Estate and Facilities Management, City of Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada. https://guidelines.vancouver.ca/guidelines-technical-direct-digital-control-systems-hvac.pdf
• Fundamentals of HVAC Controls https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~culler/cs294-f09/m197content.pdf
• Honeywell, 1997. Engineering Manual of Automatic Control for Commercial Buildings - Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, SI Edition., Honeywell, Inc., Minneapolis, MN. [HKALL][https://www.academia.edu/9473343/AUTOMATIC_CONTROL_for_ENGINEERING_MANUAL_of_COMMERCIAL_BUILDINGS][https://manualzz.com/doc/61727463/honeywell-automatic-control-si-edition-engineering-manual]
• McDowall R. & Montgomery R., 2011. Fundamentals of HVAC Control Systems, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA. [HKALL]
• Schachinger D. & Kastner W., 2018. Context-aware optimization strategies for universal application in smart building energy management, In 2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Porto, Portugal, 2018, pp. 478-483. http://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472000
• Shadpour F., 2001. The Fundamentals of HVAC Direct Digital Control: Practical Applications and Design, 2nd ed., Hacienda Blue, Escondido, CA. [HKALL][697 S52]
• Wang S. K., 2001. Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York. [HKALL]
• Wang S. K., Lavan Z. and Norton P., 2000. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton. [HKALL]
• Wei S., Tien P. W., Chow T. W., Wu Y. & Calautit J. K., 2022. Deep learning and computer vision based occupancy CO2 level prediction for demand-controlled ventilation (DCV), Journal of Building Engineering, 56: 104715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104715
• Wen J. T. & Mishra S., 2018. Intelligent Building Control Systems A Survey of Modern Building Control and Sensing Strategies, Springer International Publishing, Cham. [HKALL]

• Electrical Wiring Diagrams for Air Conditioning Systems – Part One http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2014/05/How-to-read-Electrical-Wiring-Diagrams.html
  
• Typical Controllers in DDC https://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/apr08/columns/080325113602calabrese.htm
  
• Variable Speed Drives in Air-conditioning Systems (VSD) https://www.emsd.gov.hk/energyland/en/appAndEquip/equipment/air_conditioning/vsd.html
  
• Variable Speed Drives https://www.pnnl.gov/projects/om-best-practices/variable-speed-drives
  
• Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems Operations and Maintenance https://www.pnnl.gov/projects/om-best-practices/variable-air-volume-systems
  
• Demand Control Ventilation https://www.advancedcontrolsolutions.com/Demand-Control-Ventalation-and-Energy-Savings
  
• Roadmap To A Successful Central Plant Optimization https://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/aug12/articles/climatec/120724035404climatec.html
  
• Central Plant Optimization (Johnson Controls) https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/en_au/digital-solutions/central-plant-optimization
  
• Seven Steps to Maximizing Central Plant Efficiency (Johnson Controls) https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/-/media/jci/be/united-states/services-and-support/optimization-and-retrofit-services/files/be_wp_centralplantoptimization.pdf
  
• How to optimize an HVAC system https://optimumenergyco.com/how-to-optimize-an-hvac-system/